Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebrorenal form

Definition

A rare, genetic, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome characterized by neonatal or early-infantile onset hepatopathy (manifesting with hepatomegaly, cholestasis, increased transaminases, coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, ascites, and/or liver failure), associated with renal tubulopathy and progressive neurodegenerative manifestations, which include muscular atrophy, hyporeflexia, ataxia, sensory neuropathy, epilepsy, sensorineural hearing impairment, psychomotor regression, athetosis, nystagmus, and/or ophthalmoplegia. Patients typically present with recurrent vomiting, severe failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, and fasting hypoglycemia.