Amniotic fluid embolism

Definition

A rare obstetric condition characterized by entry of amniotic fluid and fetal elements into the maternal circulation, causing an emergency situation with sudden cardiovascular collapse, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and high lethality. In most instances it occurs during labor, cesarean delivery, or within 30 minutes postpartum. Patients present acute dyspnea and cough, acute hypotension, encephalopathy with altered mental status and seizures, hypoxia and cyanosis, coagulopathy, severe hemorrhage, uterine atony, acute pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac arrest.