Doxycycline Hyclate

INDICATIONS AND USAGE Doxycycline Hyclate is indicated for use as an adjunct to scaling and root planing to promote attachment level gain and to reduce pocket depth in patients with adult periodontitis.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION THE DOSAGE OF DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATE DIFFERS FROM THAT OF DOXYCYCLINE USED TO TREAT INFECTIONS. EXCEEDING THE RECOMMENDED DOSAGE MAY RESULT IN AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS INCLUDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS. Doxycycline hyclate 20 mg twice daily as an adjunct following scaling and root planing may be administered for up to 9 months. Doxycycline hyclate should be taken twice daily at 12 hour intervals, usually in the morning and evening. It is recommended that if doxycycline hyclate is taken close to meal times, allow at least one hour prior to or two hours after meals. Safety beyond 12 months and efficacy beyond 9 months have not been established. Administration of adequate amounts of fluid along with the tablets is recommended to wash down the drug and reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS section).

WARNINGS THE USE OF DRUGS OF THE TETRACYCLINE CLASS DURING TOOTH DEVELOPMENT (LAST HALF OF PREGNANCY, INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD TO THE AGE OF 8 YEARS) MAY CAUSE PERMANENT DISCOLORATION OF THE TEETH (YELLOW-GRAY-BROWN). This adverse reaction is more common during long-term use of the drugs but has been observed following repeated short-term courses. Enamel hypoplasia has also been reported. TETRACYCLINE DRUGS, THEREFORE, SHOULD NOT BE USED IN THIS AGE GROUP AND IN PREGNANT OR NURSING MOTHERS UNLESS THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS MAY BE ACCEPTABLE DESPITE THE POTENTIAL RISKS. All tetracyclines form a stable calcium complex in any bone forming tissue. A decrease in fibula growth rate has been observed in premature infants given oral tetracyclines in doses of 25 mg/kg every 6 hours. This reaction was shown to be reversible when the drug was discontinued. Doxycycline can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Results of animal studies indicate that tetracyclines cross the placenta, are found in fetal tissues, and can have toxic effects on the developing fetus (often related to retardation of skeletal development). Evidence of embryotoxicity has also been noted in animals treated early in pregnancy. If any tetracyclines are used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. The catabolic action of the tetracyclines may cause an increase in BUN. Previous studies have not observed an increase in BUN with the use of doxycycline in patients with impaired renal function. Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking tetracyclines. Patients apt to be exposed to direct sunlight or ultraviolet light should be advised that this reaction can occur with tetracycline drugs, and treatment should be discontinued at the first evidence of skin erythema. Fixed drug eruptions have occurred with doxycycline and have been associated with worsening severity upon subsequent administrations, including generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (see Adverse Reactions for Tetracyclines). If severe skin reactions occur, discontinue Doxycycline Hyclate tablets immediately and institute appropriate therapy. Adverse Reactions for Tetracyclines: Skin: Maculopapular and erythematous rashes, and fixed drug eruption have been reported. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed above (see WARNINGS section).

CONTRAINDICATIONS This drug is contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to doxycycline or any of the other tetracyclines.

Drug Interactions Because tetracyclines have been shown to depress plasma prothrombin activity, patients who are on anticoagulant therapy may require downward adjustment of their anticoagulant dosage. Since bacterial antibiotics, such as the tetracycline class of antibiotics, may interfere with the bactericidal action of members of the β-lactam (e.g. penicillin) class of antibiotics, it is not advisable to administer these antibiotics concomitantly. Absorption of tetracyclines is impaired by antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, and iron containing preparations, and by bismuth subsalicylate. Barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin decrease the half-life of doxycycline. The concurrent use of tetracycline and methoxyflurane has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity. Concurrent use of tetracyclines may render oral contraceptives less effective.

Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects: (See WARNINGS section). Results from animal studies indicate that doxycycline crosses the placenta and is found in fetal tissues. Nonteratogenic effects (See WARNINGS section).

Nursing Mothers Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from doxycycline, the use of doxycycline hyclate in nursing mothers is contraindicated. (See WARNINGS section).

ADVERSE REACTIONS sdverse Reactions in Clinical Trials of a bioequivalent form of doxycycline hyclate capsules: In clinical trials of adult patients with periodontal disease 213 patients received 20 mg BID over a 9 - 12 month period. The most frequent adverse reactions occurring in studies involving treatment with a bioequivalent form of doxycycline hyclate capsules or placebo are listed below: Incidence (%) of Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials of Doxycycline Hyclate Capsules, 20 mg(Bioequivalent to Doxycycline Hyclate Tablets, 20 mg) vs. Placebo Adverse Reaction Doxycycline Hyclate Capsules 20 mg BID (n=213) Placebo (n=215) Note: Percentages are based on total number of study participants in each treatment group. Headache 55 (26%) 56 (26%) Common Cold 47 (22%) 46 (21%) Flu Symptoms 24 (11%) 40 (19%) Tooth Ache 14 (7%) 28 (13%) Periodontal Abscess 8 (4%) 21 (10%) Tooth Disorder 13 (6%) 19 (9%) Nausea 17 (8%) 12 (6%) Sinusitis 7 (3%) 18 (8%) Injury 11 (5%) 18 (8%) Dyspepsia 13 (6%) 5 (2%) Sore Throat 11 (5%) 13 (6%) Joint Pain 12 (6%) 8 (4%) Diarrhea 12 (6%) 8 (4%) Sinus Congestion 11 (5%) 11 (5%) Coughing 9 (4%) 11 (5%) Sinus Headache 8 (4%) 8 (4%) Rash 8 (4%) 6 (3%) Back Pain 7 (3%) 8 (4%) Back Ache 4 (2%) 9 (4%) Menstrual Cramp 9 (4%) 5 (2%) Acid Indigestion 8 (4%) 7 (3%) Pain 8 (4%) 5 (2%) Infection 4 (2%) 6 (3%) Gum Pain 1(<1%) 6 (3%) Bronchitis 7 (3%) 5 (2%) Muscle Pain 2 (1%) 6 (3%) Adverse Reactions for Tetracyclines: The following adverse reactions have been observed in patients receiving tetracyclines: Gastrointestinal: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, and inflammatory lesions (with vaginal candidiasis) in the anogenital region. Hepatotoxicity has been reported rarely. Rare instances of esophagitis and esophageal ulcerations have been reported in patients receiving the capsule forms of the drugs in the tetracycline class. Most of these patients took medications immediately before going to bed. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section). Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes. Exfoliative dermatitis has been reported but is uncommon. Photosensitivity is discussed above. (See WARNINGS section). Renal toxicity: Rise in BUN has been reported and is apparently dose related. (See WARNINGS section). Hypersensitivity reactions: urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, serum sickness, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia have been reported. Psychiatric: Depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, insomnia, abnormal dreams, hallucination. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Larken Laboratories, Inc. at 1-601-855-7678 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch