COMBOGESIC IV

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE COMBOGESIC IV is indicated in adults where an intravenous route of administration is considered clinically necessary for: • the relief of mild to moderate pain • the management of moderate to severe pain as an adjunct to opioid analgesics Limitations of Use COMBOGESIC IV is indicated for short-term use of five days or less. COMBOGESIC IV is indicated in adults where an intravenous route of administration is considered clinically necessary for: • the relief of mild to moderate pain • the management of moderate to severe pain as an adjunct to opioid analgesics Limitations of Use COMBOGESIC IV is indicated for short-term use of five days or less.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals. ( 2.1 ). • Do not exceed the maximum total daily dose of COMBOGESIC IV (4,000 mg acetaminophen and 1,200 mg ibuprofen) in 24 hours. ( 2.1 ) • Do not exceed a total daily dose of 4,000 mg (4 g) of acetaminophen from all sources. ( 2.1 ) • Do not administer with other acetaminophen-containing products. ( 2.1 ) • For adult patients weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg (actual body weight): The recommended dosage is 1,000 mg of acetaminophen and 300 mg of ibuprofen administered as a 15-minute infusion, every 6 hours, as necessary ( 2.2 ). • For adult patients weighing less than 50 kg (actual body weight): The recommended dosage is 15 mg/kg acetaminophen and 4.5 mg/kg ibuprofen administered as a 15-minute infusion, every 6 hours, as necessary. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions • Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. • Do not exceed the maximum total daily dose of COMBOGESIC IV (4,000 mg acetaminophen and 1,200 mg ibuprofen) in 24 hours. • Do not exceed a total daily dose of 4,000 mg (4 g) acetaminophen from all sources. • Do not co-administer COMBOGESIC IV with other acetaminophen or ibuprofen containing products [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. • Visually inspect for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. If visibly opaque particles, discoloration, or other foreign particulates are observed, do not use. • Use COMBOGESIC IV in one patient on one occasion only. It contains no antimicrobial preservative. Discard any unused solution. • Do not mix with diluents or with other medicines. 2.2 Recommended Dosage For adult patients weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg (actual body weight): The recommended dosage of COMBOGESIC IV is one vial (100 mL; acetaminophen 1,000 mg/ibuprofen 300 mg) administered as a 15-minute infusion every 6 hours, as necessary. For adult patients weighing less than 50 kg (actual body weight): The recommended dosage is 15 mg/kg acetaminophen and 4.5 mg/kg ibuprofen, administered as a 15-minute infusion every 6 hours, as necessary. This equates to a maximum single dose of 750 mg acetaminophen and 225 mg ibuprofen (discard remaining medicine in vial), and a total daily dose of 3,000 mg (3 g) acetaminophen and 900 mg ibuprofen. 2.3 Instructions for Intravenous Administration • Administer as a 15-minute intravenous infusion. • Do not mix other medications with the COMBOGESIC IV vial or infusion device. • As for all solutions for infusion presented in glass vials, monitor closely, particularly at the end of infusion, regardless of administration route, in order to avoid air embolism. This applies particularly for central route infusion. • To decrease the likelihood of bung fragmentation or the bung being forced into the vial, use a syringe or giving set with a diameter equal to or below 0.8 mm for solution sampling and ensure that the bung is pierced at the location specifically designed for needle introduction (where the thickness of the bung is the lowest). • The entire 100 mL container of COMBOGESIC IV is not intended for use in patients weighing less than 50 kg. For doses less than 1,000 mg acetaminophen and 300 mg ibuprofen, the appropriate dose must be withdrawn from the container and placed into a separate container prior to administration. Using aseptic technique, withdraw the appropriate dose (weight-based) from an intact sealed COMBOGESIC IV container and place the measured dose in a separate empty, sterile container (e.g., glass bottle, plastic intravenous container, or syringe) for intravenous infusion to avoid the inadvertent delivery and administration of the total volume of the commercially available container. COMBOGESIC IV is supplied in a single-dose container and the unused portion must be disca…

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Hypertension: Patients taking some antihypertensive medications may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs. Monitor blood pressure. ( 5.5 ) • Heart Failure and Edema: Avoid use of COMBOGESIC IV in patients with severe heart failure unless benefits are expected to outweigh risk of worsening heart failure. ( 5.6 ) • Renal Toxicity: Long-term administration of NSAIDs, including the ibuprofen component of COMBOGESIC IV, has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. ( 5.7 ) • Anaphylactic Reactions: Discontinue use immediately if symptoms occur. ( 5.8 ) • Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity: COMBOGESIC IV is contraindicated in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. Monitor patients with preexisting asthma (without aspirin sensitivity). ( 5.9 ) • Serious Skin Reactions: Discontinue COMBOGESIC IV at first appearance of skin rash or other signs of hypersensitivity. ( 5.10 ) • Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): Discontinue and evaluate clinically. ( 5.11 ) • Fetal Toxicity: Limit use of NSAID-containing products, including COMBOGESIC IV, between about 20 to 30 weeks in pregnancy due to the risk of oligohydramnios/fetal renal dysfunction. Avoid use of NSAID-containing products, including COMBOGESIC IV, in women at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy due to the risks of oligohydramnios/fetal renal dysfunction and premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. ( 5.12 ) • Hematologic Toxicity: Monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit in patients with any signs or symptoms of anemia ( 5.13 ). 5.1 Risk of Medication Errors Take care when prescribing, preparing, and administering COMBOGESIC IV in order to avoid dosing errors which could result in accidental overdose and death. In particular, be careful to ensure that: • the dose in milligrams (mg) and milliliters (mL) is not confused; • the dosing is based on weight for patients under 50 kg; • infusion pumps are properly programmed; and • the total daily dose of acetaminophen from all sources does not exceed maximum daily limits [see Dosage and Administration (2) ] . 5.2 Hepatotoxicity Acetaminophen COMBOGESIC IV contains acetaminophen. Acetaminophen has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death. Most of the cases of liver injury are associated with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed 4,000 mg per day, and often involve more than one acetaminophen-containing product. The risk of acute liver failure is higher in individuals with underlying liver disease and in individuals who ingest alcohol while taking acetaminophen. Ibuprofen COMBOGESIC IV contains ibuprofen, a NSAID. Elevations of ALT or AST (three or more times the upper limit of normal [ULN]) have been reported in approximately 1% of NSAID-treated patients in clinical trials. In addition, rare, sometimes fatal, cases of severe hepatic injury, including fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis, and hepatic failure have been reported. Elevations of ALT or AST (less than three times ULN) may occur in up to 15% of patients treated with NSAIDs, including ibuprofen. Clinical Recommendations COMBOGESIC IV is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment or severe active liver disease. COMBOGESIC IV has not been studied in patients with impaired hepatic function. Use in these patients is not recommended [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ] . If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), discontinue COMBOGESIC IV immediately, and perform a clinical evaluation of the patient. 5.3 Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events Clinical trials of several COX-2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal. Based o…

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS COMBOGESIC IV is contraindicated in: • patients with a known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to acetaminophen, ibuprofen, other NSAIDs or to any other components of this product [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8 , 5.10 , 5.11 )] • patients with a history of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8 , 5.9 )] • in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] • patients with severe hepatic impairment or severe active liver disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] COMBOGESIC IV is contraindicated in: • patients who have previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to acetaminophen, ibuprofen, other NSAIDs or to any of the excipients in the IV formulation ( 4 ) • patients who have experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients ( 4 , 5.9 , 5.11 ) • the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery ( 4 , 5.3 ) • patients with severe hepatic impairment or severe active liver disease ( 4 )

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Table 2. Drug Interactions with COMBOGESIC IV Drugs That Interfere with Hemostasis Clinical Impact: • Ibuprofen and anticoagulants such as warfarin have a synergistic effect on bleeding. The concomitant use of ibuprofen and anticoagulants have an increased risk of serious bleeding compared to the use of either drug alone. • Serotonin release by platelets plays an important role in hemostasis. Case-control and cohort epidemiological studies showed that concomitant use of drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and an NSAID may potentiate the risk of bleeding more than an NSAID alone. Intervention: Monitor patients with concomitant use of COMBOGESIC IV with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for signs of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] . Aspirin Clinical Impact: Controlled clinical studies showed that the concomitant use of NSAIDs and analgesic doses of aspirin does not produce any greater therapeutic effect than the use of NSAIDs alone. In a clinical study, the concomitant use of an NSAID and aspirin was associated with a significantly increased incidence of GI adverse reactions as compared to use of the NSAID alone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Intervention: Concomitant use of COMBOGESIC IV and analgesic doses of aspirin is not generally recommended because of the increased risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4 , 5.13 )] . COMBOGESIC IV is not a substitute for low dose aspirin for cardiovascular protection. ACE Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Beta-Blockers Clinical Impact: • NSAIDs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or beta-blockers (including propranolol). • In patients who are elderly, volume-depleted (including those on diuretic therapy), or have renal impairment, co-administration of an NSAID with ACE inhibitors or ARBs may result in deterioration of renal function, including possible acute renal failure. These effects are usually reversible. Intervention: • During concomitant use of COMBOGESIC IV and ACE-inhibitors, ARBs, or betablockers, monitor blood pressure to ensure that the desired blood pressure is obtained. • During concomitant use of COMBOGESIC IV and ACE-inhibitors or ARBs in patients who are elderly, volume-depleted, or have impaired renal function, monitor for signs of worsening renal function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . • When these drugs are administered concomitantly, patients should be adequately hydrated. Assess renal function at the beginning of the concomitant treatment and periodically thereafter. Diuretics Clinical Impact: Clinical studies, as well as post-marketing observations, showed that NSAIDs reduced the natriuretic effect of loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) and thiazide diuretics in some patients. This effect has been attributed to the NSAID inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. Intervention: During concomitant use of COMBOGESIC IV with diuretics, observe patients for signs of worsening renal function, in addition to assuring diuretic efficacy including antihypertensive effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] . Digoxin Clinical Impact: The concomitant use of ibuprofen with digoxin has been reported to increase the serum concentration and prolong the half-life of digoxin. Intervention: During concomitant use of COMBOGESIC IV and digoxin, monitor serum digoxin levels. Lithium Clinical Impact: NSAIDs have produced elevations in plasma lithium levels and reductions in renal lithium clearance. The mean minimum lithium concentration increased 15%, and the renal clearance decreased by approximately 20%. This effect has been attributed to NSAID inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis. Intervention: During concomitant use of COMBOGESIC IV and lithium, monitor pati…

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Use of NSAID-containing products, including COMBOGESIC IV, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus and fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. Because of these risks, limit dose and duration of COMBOGESIC IV use between about 20 and 30 weeks of gestation and avoid COMBOGESIC IV use at about 30 weeks of gestation and later in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations, Data) . Premature Closure of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus: Use of NSAID-containing products, including COMBOGESIC IV, at about 30 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy increases the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Oligohydramnios/Neonatal Renal Impairment: Use of NSAID-containing products, including COMBOGESIC IV, at about 20 weeks gestation or later in pregnancy has been associated with cases of fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios, and in some cases, neonatal renal impairment. Data from observational studies regarding other potential embryofetal risks of NSAID use in women in the first or second trimester of pregnancy are inconclusive. No adequate and well-controlled studies have been conducted using COMBOGESIC IV in pregnant women. Animal reproduction studies have also not been conducted with COMBOGESIC IV. The following describes animal reproduction studies for Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen: Acetaminophen: Reproductive and developmental studies in rats and mice from the published literature have identified adverse events at clinically relevant doses of acetaminophen. Fetotoxicity, increases in bone variations in the fetuses, and necrosis in the fetus liver and kidney have been noted in studies in rats. In mice treated with acetaminophen at doses within the clinical dosing range, cumulative adverse effects on reproduction were seen in a continuous breeding study. A reduction in number of litters of the parental mating pair was observed as well as retarded growth and abnormal sperm in their offspring and reduced birth weight in the next generation (see Data) . Ibuprofen: Reproductive studies conducted in rats and rabbits have not demonstrated evidence of developmental abnormalities after ibuprofen exposure. However, animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and ibuprofen should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus (see Data) . Based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. In animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as ibuprofen, resulted in increased pre- and post-implantation loss. Prostaglandins also have been shown to have an important role in fetal kidney development. In published animal studies, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors have been reported to impair kidney development when administered at clinically relevant doses (see Data) . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriages for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the general U.S. population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Premature Closure of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus: Avoid use of NSAID-containing products, including COMBOGESIC IV, in women at about 30 weeks gestation and later in pregnancy, because NSAIDs, including COMBOGESIC IV, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus (see Data) . Oligohydramnios/Neonatal Renal Impairment: If, after consideration of alternative treatments for pain management, an NSAID-containing product, including COMBOGESIC IV, is necessary at about 20 w…

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions to ibuprofen or acetaminophen are described elsewhere in other sections of the labelling. • Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] • Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] • Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] • Hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] • Heart Failure and Edema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] • Renal Toxicity and Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] • Hypersensitivity and Anaphylactic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] • Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] • Serious Skin Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] • Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] • Hematologic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] The most common adverse reactions (greater than or equal to 3%) are infusion site pain, nausea, constipation, dizziness, infusion site extravasation, vomiting, headache, somnolence. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. at 1-877-845-0689 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The clinical trials of COMBOGESIC IV have been conducted in patients with postoperative musculoskeletal pain and soft tissue pain models lasting between two to five days. Two Phase 3 clinical trials have been conducted with COMBOGESIC IV to assess efficacy and safety after multiple doses. In AFT-MXIV-07 participants were treated with COMBOGESIC IV, acetaminophen IV, ibuprofen IV or placebo for a treatment period of 48 hours. In AFT-MXIV-11 participants were treated for between 48 hours and five days with COMBOGESIC IV. The study population for AFT-MXIV-07 was comprised of adults aged 18 to 65 years, mean age: 42 years. AFT-MXIV-11 included adults aged 19 – 87 years, mean age: 53 years. Safety data for the first 48 hours of both studies was pooled. Overall, 59.3% of the patients (N = 182/307) administered COMBOGESIC IV experienced one or more treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) during the first 48 hours of treatment, accounting for a total of 436 TEAEs (see Table 1). The most common TEAEs were related to the infusion site (infusion site pain, infusion site extravasation), or affected the gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, constipation) or nervous (dizziness, headache, somnolence) systems. Table 1: Common TEAEs (occurring in ≥ 3% of COMBOGESIC IV-treated participants) Adverse Reactions COMBOGESIC IV (N=307) % Acetaminophen (N=75) % Ibuprofen (N=76) % Placebo (N=50) % Gastrointestinal disorders Nausea 16.3 33.3 34.2 32.0 Vomiting 6.2 14.7 6.6 2.0 Constipation 7.2 5.3 5.3 8.0 Infusion Site Complications Infusion site pain 17.6 0.0 9.2 2.0 Infusion site extravasation 6.5 2.7 6.6 14.0 Nervous System Disorders Headache 5.5 6.7 6.6 20.0 Dizziness 7.2 9.3 9.2 18.0 Somnolence 3.9 8.0 7.9 6.0 Other skin and subcutaneous-related TEAEs (pruritis, hyperhidrosis) also affected around 2-3% of the study population, as did procedural nausea and polyuria. AFT-MXIV-11 found no notable difference in the safety profile of COMBOGESIC IV in participants treated for 5 days compared to those treated for 48 hours. Additionally, the safety profile was comparable between older participants (aged 65-75 years and >75 years) and younger participants (aged <65 years); the type and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was comparable, and the incidence of clinically significant shifts in laboratory tests (hematocrit 1.3% (n=3/228), hemoglobin 1.3% (n=3/228) and eryth…