Tirosint SOL

1 INDICATION AND USAGE TIROSINT-SOL is L-thyroxine (T4) indicated in adult and pediatric patients, including neonates, for: Hypothyroidism - As replacement therapy in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary), and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism ( 1 ) Pituitary Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, TSH) Suppression - As an adjunct to surgery and radioiodine therapy in the management of thyrotropin-dependent well-differentiated thyroid cancer ( 1 ) Limitations of Use Not indicated for suppression of benign thyroid nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients ( 1 ) Not indicated for treatment of transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis ( 1 ) Hypothyroidism TIROSINT-SOL is indicated in adult and pediatric patients, including neonates, as a replacement therapy in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary), and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism. Pituitary Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, TSH) Suppression TIROSINT-SOL is indicated in adult and pediatric patients, including neonates, as an adjunct to surgery and radioiodine therapy in the management of thyrotropin-dependent well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Limitations of Use Tirosint-SOL is not indicated for suppression of benign thyroid nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients as there are no clinical benefits and overtreatment with TIROSINT-SOL may induce hyperthyroidism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Tirosint-SOL is not indicated for treatment of transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer once daily, on an empty stomach, 15 minutes before breakfast ( 2.1 ) Administer at least 4 hours before or after drugs that are known to interfere with absorption ( 2.1 ) Evaluate the need for dose adjustments when regularly administering within an hour of certain foods that may affect TIROSINT-SOL absorption ( 2.1 ) To administer TIROSINT-SOL in water, squeeze the contents of one single unit-dose ampule into a glass or cup containing water ( 2.1 ) To administer TIROSINT-SOL directly, either squeeze it into the mouth OR onto a spoon and immediately consume ( 2.1 ) Starting dose depends on a variety of factors, including age, body weight, cardiovascular status, and concomitant medications, co-administered food, and the specific nature of the condition being treated. Peak therapeutic effect may not be attained for 4-6 weeks ( 2.2 ) See full prescribing information for dosing in specific patient populations ( 2.3 ) Adequacy of therapy determined with periodic monitoring of TSH and/or T4 as well as clinical status ( 2.4 ) 2.1 General Administration Information Administer TIROSINT-SOL as a single daily oral dose, on an empty stomach,15 minutes before breakfast. Administer TIROSINT-SOL at least 4 hours before or after drugs known to interfere with TIROSINT-SOL absorption [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] . Evaluate the need for dose adjustments when regularly administering within an hour of certain foods that may affect TIROSINT-SOL absorption [see Dosage and Administration (2.2 and 2.3) , Drug Interactions (7.9) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . TIROSINT-SOL may be administered in water or directly into the mouth: To administer TIROSINT-SOL in water, squeeze the contents of one single unit-dose ampule into a glass or cup containing water. Stir the diluted TIROSINT-SOL and drink all of it immediately. Rinse the glass or cup with additional water and drink the contents to ensure that the total dose is taken. Do not dilute TIROSINT-SOL in a medium other than water. Open the ampule and prepare the solution immediately before intake. To administer TIROSINT-SOL directly (without water), either squeeze it into the mouth OR onto a spoon and immediately consume. 2.2 Important Considerations for Dosing The dosage of TIROSINT-SOL for hypothyroidism or pituitary TSH suppression depends on a variety of factors including: the patient's age, body weight, cardiovascular status, concomitant medical conditions (including pregnancy), concomitant medications, co-administered food, and the specific nature of the condition being treated [see Dosage and Administration (2.3), Warnings and Precautions (5), and Drug Interactions (7)] . Dosing must be individualized to account for these factors and dosage adjustments made based on periodic assessment of the patient's clinical response and laboratory parameters [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)] . For adult patients with primary hypothyroidism, titrate until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum TSH returns to normal [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. For secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism, serum TSH is not a reliable measure of TIROSINT-SOL dosage adequacy and should not be used to monitor therapy. Use the serum free-T4 level to titrate TIROSINT-SOL dosing until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum free-T4 level is restored to the upper half of the normal range [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)]. The peak therapeutic effect of a given dose of TIROSINT-SOL may not be attained for 4 to 6 weeks. 2.3 Recommended Dosage and Titration Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Hypothyroidism in Adults The recommended starting daily dosage of TIROSINT-SOL in adults with primary, secondary, or tertiary hypothyroidism is based on age and comorbid cardiac conditions, as described in Table 1. For patients at risk of atrial fibrillation or patients with underlying cardiac disease, start with a lower dosage and titrate the dosage more slowly to avoid exacer…

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Serious risks related to overtreatment or undertreatment with TIROSINT-SOL: Titrate the dose of TIROSINT-SOL carefully and monitor response to titration. ( 5.1 ) Cardiac adverse reactions in the elderly and in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease : Initiate TIROSINT-SOL at less than the full replacement dose because of the increased risk of cardiac adverse reactions, including atrial fibrillation. ( 2.3 , 5.2 , 8.5 ) Myxedema coma: Do not use oral thyroid hormone drug products to treat myxedema coma. ( 5.3 ) Acute adrenal crisis in patients with concomitant adrenal insufficiency: Treat with replacement glucocorticoids prior to initiation of TIROSINT‑SOL treatment. ( 5.4 ) Worsening of diabetic control: therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen glycemic control and result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements. Carefully monitor glycemic control after starting, changing, or discontinuing thyroid hormone therapy. ( 5.5 ) Decreased bone mineral density associated with thyroid hormone over-replacement: Over-replacement can increase bone resorption and decrease bone mineral density. Give the lowest effective dose. 5.6 ) 5.1 Serious Risks Related to Overtreatment or Undertreatment with TIROSINT-SOL TIROSINT-SOL has a narrow therapeutic index. Overtreatment or undertreatment with TIROSINT-SOL may have negative effects on growth and development, cardiovascular function, bone metabolism, reproductive function, cognitive function, gastrointestinal function, and glucose and lipid metabolism in adult or pediatric patients. In pediatric patients with congenital and acquired hypothyroidism, undertreatment may adversely affect cognitive development and linear growth, and overtreatment is associated with craniosynostosis and acceleration of bone age [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)]. Titrate the dose of TIROSINT-SOL carefully and monitor response to titration to avoid these effects [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. Consider the potential for food or drug interactions and adjust the administration or dosage of TIROSINT-SOL as needed [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Drug Interactions (7.1), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. 5.2 Cardiac Adverse Reactions in the Elderly and in Patients with Underlying Cardiovascular Disease Overtreatment with levothyroxine may cause an increase in heart rate, cardiac wall thickness, and cardiac contractility, and may precipitate angina or arrhythmias, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease and in elderly patients. Initiate TIROSINT-SOL therapy in this population at lower doses than those recommended in younger individuals or in patients without cardiac disease [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ]. Monitor for cardiac arrhythmias during surgical procedures in patients with coronary artery disease receiving suppressive TIROSINT-SOL therapy. Monitor patients receiving concomitant TIROSINT-SOL and sympathomimetic agents for signs and symptoms of coronary insufficiency . If cardiac symptoms develop or worsen, reduce the TIROSINT-SOL dose or withhold it for one week and restart at a lower dose. 5.3 Myxedema Coma Myxedema coma is a life-threatening emergency characterized by poor circulation and hypometabolism, and may result in unpredictable absorption of levothyroxine sodium from the gastrointestinal tract. Use of oral thyroid hormone drug products is not recommended to treat myxedema coma. Administer thyroid hormone products formulated for intravenous administration to treat myxedema coma. 5.4 Acute Adrenal Crisis in Patients with Concomitant Adrenal Insufficiency Thyroid hormone increases metabolic clearance of glucocorticoids. Initiation of thyroid hormone therapy prior to initiating glucocorticoid therapy may precipitate an acute adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency. Treat patients with adrenal insufficiency with replacement glucocorticoids prior to initiating t…

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS TIROSINT-SOL is contraindicated in patients with: Hypersensitivity to glycerol, the inactive ingredient in TIROSINT-SOL [see Adverse Events (6) ]. Uncorrected adrenal insufficiency [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hypersensitivity to glycerol ( 4 ) Uncorrected adrenal insufficiency ( 4 )

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS See full prescribing information for drugs that affect thyroid hormone pharmacokinetics and metabolism (e.g., absorption, synthesis, secretion, catabolism, protein binding, and target tissue response) and may alter the therapeutic response to TIROSINT-SOL ( 7 ) 7.1 Drugs Known to Affect Thyroid Hormone Pharmacokinetics Many drugs can exert effects on thyroid hormone pharmacokinetics and metabolism (e.g., absorption, synthesis, secretion, catabolism, protein binding, and target tissue response) and may alter the therapeutic response to TIROSINT-SOL (Tables 5 to 8). Table 5. Drugs That May Decrease T4 Absorption (Hypothyroidism) Potential impact: Concurrent use may reduce the efficacy of TIROSINT-SOL by binding and delaying or preventing absorption, potentially resulting in hypothyroidism. Drug or Drug Class Effect Phosphate Binders (e.g., calcium carbonate, ferrous sulfate, sevelamer, lanthanum) Phosphate binders may bind to levothyroxine. Administer TIROSINT-SOL at least 4 hours apart from these agents. Orlistat Monitor patients treated concomitantly with orlistat and TIROSINT‑SOL for changes in thyroid function. Bile Acid Sequestrants (e.g., colesevelam, cholestyramine, colestipol Ion Exchange Resins (e.g., Kayexalate) Bile acid sequestrants and ion exchange resins are known to decrease levothyroxine absorption. Administer TIROSINT-SOL at least 4 hours prior to these drugs or monitor TSH levels. Sucralfate Antacids (e.g., aluminum & magnesium hydroxides, simethicone) Gastric acidity is an essential requirement for adequate absorption of levothyroxine. However, gastric acidity may not be as essential for the absorption of TIROSINT-SOL. Sucralfate and antacids may cause hypochlorhydria, affect gastric pH, and reduce levothyroxine absorption. Monitor patients appropriately. Table 6. Drugs That May Alter T4 and Triiodothyronine (T3) Serum Transport Without Affecting Free Thyroxine (FT4) Concentration (Euthyroidism) Drug or Drug Class Effect Clofibrate Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives Estrogens (oral) Heroin / Methadone 5-Fluorouracil Mitotane Tamoxifen These drugs may increase serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) concentration. Androgens / Anabolic Steroids Asparaginase Glucocorticoids Slow-Release Nicotinic Acid These drugs may decrease serum TBG concentration. Potential impact (below): Administration of these agents with TIROSINT-SOL results in an initial transient increase in FT4. Continued administration results in a decrease in serum T4 and normal FT4 and TSH concentrations. Salicylates (> 2 g/day) Salicylates inhibit binding of T4 and T3 to TBG and transthyretin. An initial increase in serum FT4 is followed by return of FT4 to normal levels with sustained therapeutic serum salicylate concentrations, although total T4 levels may decrease by as much as 30%. Other drugs: Carbamazepine Furosemide (> 80 mg IV) Heparin Hydantoins Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Fenamates These drugs may cause protein-binding site displacement. Furosemide has been shown to inhibit the protein binding of T4 to TBG and albumin, causing an increase free‑T4 fraction in serum. Furosemide competes for T4-binding sites on TBG, prealbumin, and albumin, so that a single high dose can acutely lower the total T4 level. Phenytoin and carbamazepine reduce serum protein binding of levothyroxine, and total and free‑T4 may be reduced by 20% to 40%, but most patients have normal serum TSH levels and are clinically euthyroid. Closely monitor thyroid hormone parameters. Table 7. Drugs That May Alter Hepatic Metabolism of T4 (Hypothyroidism) Potential impact: Stimulation of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity may cause increased hepatic degradation of levothyroxine, resulting in increased TIROSINT-SOL requirements. Drug or Drug Class Effect Phenobarbital Rifampin Phenobarbital has been shown to reduce the response to thyroxine. Phenobarbital increases L-thyroxine metabolism by inducing uridine 5’ diphospho-glucuron…

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The clinical experience, including data from published postmarketing studies, in pregnant women treated with oral levothyroxine to maintain euthyroid state have not reported increased rates of major birth defects, miscarriages, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Since TSH levels may increase during pregnancy, TSH should be monitored and TIROSINT‑SOL dosage adjusted during pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations ] . Animal reproductive studies have not been conducted with levothyroxine sodium. TIROSINT-SOL should not be discontinued during pregnancy and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of complications, including spontaneous abortion, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, and premature delivery. Untreated maternal hypothyroidism may have an adverse effect on fetal neurocognitive development. Dose Adjustments During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period Pregnancy may increase TIROSINT-SOL requirements. Serum TSH levels should be monitored and the TIROSINT-SOL dosage adjusted during pregnancy. Since postpartum TSH levels are similar to preconception values, the TIROSINT-SOL dosage should return to the pre-pregnancy dose immediately after delivery [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ].

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Adverse reactions associated with TIROSINT-SOL therapy are primarily those of hyperthyroidism due to therapeutic overdosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5) and Overdosage (10) ]. They include the following: General: fatigue, increased appetite, weight loss, heat intolerance, fever, excessive sweating Central nervous system: headache, hyperactivity, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, emotional lability, insomnia Musculoskeletal: tremors, muscle weakness, muscle spasm Cardiovascular: palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, increased pulse and blood pressure, heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest Respiratory : dyspnea Gastrointestinal (GI): diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, elevations in liver function tests Dermatologic: hair loss, flushing, rash Endocrine: decreased bone mineral density Reproductive: menstrual irregularities, impaired fertility Seizures have been reported rarely with the institution of levothyroxine therapy. Adverse reactions associated with TIROSINT-SOL are primarily those of hyperthyroidism due to therapeutic overdosage including: arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, dyspnea, muscle spasm, headache, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, tremors, muscle weakness, increased appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, heat intolerance, menstrual irregularities, and skin rash ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact IBSA Pharma Inc. at 1-800-587-3513, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients Pseudotumor cerebri and slipped capital femoral epiphysis have been reported in pediatric patients receiving levothyroxine therapy. Overtreatment may result in craniosynostosis in infants who have not undergone closure of the fontanelles, and in premature closure of the epiphyses in pediatric patients still experiencing growth with resultant compromised adult height. Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions to inactive ingredients have occurred in patients treated with thyroid hormone products. These include urticaria, pruritus, skin rash, flushing, angioedema, various GI symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea), fever, arthralgia, serum sickness, and wheezing. Hypersensitivity to levothyroxine itself is not known to occur.