ZELBORAF
RxNorm 1147223· VEMURAFENIB· ORAL
Kinase Inhibitor [EPC] · Genentech, Inc.
Indications and usage
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ZELBORAF ® is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. ( 1.1 , 2.1 ) ZELBORAF ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with Erdheim- Chester Disease with BRAF V600 mutation. ( 1.2 , 2.1 ) Limitation of Use: ZELBORAF is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma ( 2.1 , 5.2 ) 1.1 Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma ZELBORAF ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. Limitation of Use: ZELBORAF is not indicated for treatment of patients with wild-type BRAF melanoma [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . 1.2 Erdheim-Chester Disease ZELBORAF ® is indicated for the treatment of patients with Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) with BRAF V600 mutation.
Dosage and administration
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Confirm the presence of BRAF V600E mutation in tumor specimens prior to initiation of treatment with ZELBORAF. ( 2.1 ) Recommended dose: 960 mg orally twice daily taken approximately 12 hours apart with or without a meal. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Patient Selection for Treatment of Melanoma Confirm the presence of BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma tumor specimens prior to initiation of treatment with ZELBORAF [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Information on FDA-approved tests for the detection of BRAF V600 mutations in melanoma is available at http://www.fda.gov/CompanionDiagnostics. 2.2 Recommended Dose The recommended dose of ZELBORAF is 960 mg (four 240 mg tablets) orally every 12 hours with or without a meal. A missed dose can be taken up to 4 hours prior to the next dose. Treat patients with ZELBORAF until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. Do not take an additional dose if vomiting occurs after ZELBORAF administration, but continue with the next scheduled dose. Do not crush or chew the tablets. 2.3 Dose Modifications For New Primary Cutaneous Malignancies: No dose modifications are recommended. For Other Adverse Reactions: Permanently discontinue ZELBORAF for any of the following: Grade 4 adverse reaction, first appearance (if clinically appropriate) or second appearance QTc prolongation > 500 ms and increased by > 60 ms from pre-treatment values [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Withhold ZELBORAF for NCI-CTCAE (v4.0) intolerable Grade 2 or greater adverse reactions. Upon recovery to Grade 0–1, restart ZELBORAF at a reduced dose as follows: 720 mg twice daily for first appearance of intolerable Grade 2 or Grade 3 adverse reactions 480 mg twice daily for second appearance of Grade 2 (if intolerable) or Grade 3 adverse reactions or for first appearance of Grade 4 adverse reaction (if clinically appropriate) Do not dose reduce to below 480 mg twice daily. 2.4 Dose Modification for Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Avoid concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers during treatment with ZELBORAF [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . If concomitant use of a strong CYP3A4 inducer is unavoidable, increase the dose of ZELBORAF by 240 mg (one tablet) as tolerated. After discontinuation of a strong CYP3A4 inducer for two weeks, resume the ZELBORAF dose that was taken prior to initiating the strong CYP3A4 inducer.
Warnings
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS New Primary Cutaneous Malignancies: Perform dermatologic evaluations prior to initiation of therapy, every 2 months while on therapy, and for up to 6 months following discontinuation of ZELBORAF. Manage with excision and continue treatment without dose adjustment. ( 5.1 ) New Non-Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Evaluate for symptoms or clinical signs of new non-cutaneous SCC before initiation of treatment and periodically during treatment. ( 5.1 ) Other Malignancies: Monitor patients receiving ZELBORAF closely for signs or symptoms of other malignancies ( 5.1 ). Tumor Promotion in BRAF Wild-Type Melanoma: Increased cell proliferation can occur with BRAF inhibitors ( 5.2 ). Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions including anaphylaxis and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS Syndrome): Discontinue ZELBORAF for severe hypersensitivity reactions. ( 5.3 ) Severe Dermatologic Reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Discontinue ZELBORAF for severe dermatologic reactions. ( 5.4 ) QT Prolongation: Monitor ECG and electrolytes before and during treatment. Withhold ZELBORAF for QTc of 500 ms or greater. Correct electrolyte abnormalities and control for cardiac risk factors for QT prolongation. ( 5.5 ) Hepatotoxicity: Measure liver enzymes and bilirubin before initiating ZELBORAF and monitor monthly during treatment. ( 5.6 ) Photosensitivity: Advise patients to avoid sun exposure. ( 5.7 ) Serious Ophthalmologic Reactions: Monitor for signs and symptoms of uveitis. ( 5.8 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise females of the potential risk to the fetus and to use effective contraception. ( 5.9 , 8.1 , 8.3 ) Radiation Sensitization and Radiation Recall: Severe cases have been reported. ( 5.10 ). Renal Failure: Measure serum creatinine before initiating ZELBORAF and monitor periodically during treatment ( 5.11 ). Dupuytren's Contracture and plantar fascial fibromatosis: Events should be managed with dose reduction, treatment interruption, or treatment discontinuation. ( 5.12 ). 5.1 New Primary Malignancies Cutaneous Malignancies Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma, and melanoma occurred at a higher incidence in patients receiving ZELBORAF compared to those in the control arm in Trial 1. The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cuSCC) and keratoacanthomas in the ZELBORAF arm was 24% compared to < 1% in the dacarbazine arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . The median time to the first appearance of cuSCC was 7 to 8 weeks; approximately 33% of patients who developed a cuSCC while receiving ZELBORAF experienced at least one additional occurrence with median time between occurrences of 6 weeks. Potential risk factors associated with cuSCC observed in clinical studies using ZELBORAF included age (≥ 65 years), prior skin cancer, and chronic sun exposure. In Trial 4, in patients with ECD, the incidence of cuSCC and/or keratoacanthomas was 40.9% (9/22). The median time to first appearance of cuSCC amongst patients with at least one occurrence was 12.1 weeks. In Trial 1, in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, new primary malignant melanoma occurred in 2.1% (7/336) of patients receiving ZELBORAF compared to none of the patients receiving dacarbazine. Perform dermatologic evaluations prior to initiation of therapy and every 2 months while on therapy. Manage suspicious skin lesions with excision and dermatopathologic evaluation. Consider dermatologic monitoring for 6 months following discontinuation of ZELBORAF. Non-Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Non-cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (non-cuSCC) of the head and neck can occur in patients receiving ZELBORAF [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Monitor patients receiving ZELBORAF closely for signs or symptoms of new non-cuSCC. Other Malignancies Based on mechanism of action, ZELBORAF may promote malignancies associated with activation of RAS through mutation or othe…
Contraindications
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS None. None
Drug interactions
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Avoid concomitant administration of ZELBORAF with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers. ( 7.1 ) CYP1A2 Substrates: ZELBORAF can increase concentrations of CYP1A2 substrates. Avoid concomitant use of ZELBORAF with CYP1A2 substrates with a narrow therapeutic window. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor closely for toxicities and consider dose reduction of CYP1A2 substrates. ( 7.2 ). 7.1 Effect of Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors or Inducers on Vemurafenib Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Coadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increased vemurafenib plasma concentrations and may lead to increased toxicity. Avoid coadministration of ZELBORAF with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. If coadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor is unavoidable, consider dose reduction of ZELBORAF, if clinically indicated. [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Coadministration of ZELBORAF with rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, decreased vemurafenib plasma concentrations and may result in decreased efficacy. Avoid coadministration of ZELBORAF with strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin), and replace these drugs with alternative drugs when possible. If coadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer is unavoidable, increase the dose of ZELBORAF by 240 mg (one tablet) as tolerated [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . 7.2 Effect of Vemurafenib on CYP1A2 Substrates Coadministration of ZELBORAF with tizanidine, a sensitive CYP1A2 substrate, increased tizanidine systemic exposure by 4.7-fold. Avoid concomitant use of ZELBORAF with drugs having a narrow therapeutic window that are predominantly metabolized by CYP1A2 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] . If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor closely for toxicities and consider a dose reduction of concomitant CYP1A2 substrates. 7.3 Concurrent Ipilimumab Increases in transaminases and bilirubin occurred in a majority of patients who received concurrent ipilimumab and ZELBORAF [see Warnings and Precautions Section 5.6 ]. 7.4 Effect of Vemurafenib on P-gp Substrates Coadministration of ZELBORAF with digoxin, a sensitive P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, increased digoxin systemic exposure by 1.8-fold. Avoid concurrent use of P-gp substrates known to have narrow therapeutic indices. If use of these medications is unavoidable, consider dose reduction of P-gp substrates with narrow therapeutic indices.
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on its mechanism of action, ZELBORAF can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ] . There are no available data on the use of ZELBORAF in pregnant women to determine the drug-associated risk; however, placental transfer of vemurafenib to a fetus has been reported. Exposure to vemurafenib could not be achieved in animals at levels sufficient to fully address its potential toxicity in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential harm to a fetus. The estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) are unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Vemurafenib showed no evidence of developmental toxicity in rat fetuses at doses up to 250 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.3 times the clinical exposure at 960 mg twice daily based on AUC) or rabbit fetuses at doses up to 450 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.6 times the clinical exposure at 960 mg twice daily based on AUC). Fetal drug levels were 3–5% of maternal levels, indicating that vemurafenib has the potential to be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus.
Adverse events
Most frequently reported events (FDA FAERS). Report frequency does not imply causation.
- rash1,540
- death1,059
- arthralgia1,037
- fatigue1,030
- off label use856
- diarrhoea823
- nausea810
- disease progression765
- pyrexia739
- alopecia558
- decreased appetite532
- vomiting473
- photosensitivity reaction412
- pruritus386
- sunburn373
- myalgia354
Adverse reactions (label)
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label: New Primary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Dermatologic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] QT Prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Photosensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Ophthalmologic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Radiation Sensitization and Radiation Recall [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Renal Failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Dupuytren's Contracture and Plantar Fascial Fibromatosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Melanoma: Most common adverse reactions (≥ 30%) are arthralgia, rash, alopecia, fatigue, photosensitivity reaction, nausea, pruritus, and skin papilloma. ( 6.1 ) Erdheim-Chester Disease: Most common adverse reactions (>50%) are arthralgia, rash maculo-papular, alopecia, fatigue, electrocardiogram QT interval prolonged, and skin papilloma. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Genentech at 1-888-835-2555 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not predict the rates observed in a broader patient population in clinical practice. Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation This section describes adverse drug reactions (ADRs) identified from analyses of Trial 1 and Trial 2 [see Clinical Studies (14) ] . Trial 1 randomized (1:1) 675 treatment-naive patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma to receive ZELBORAF 960 mg orally twice daily or dacarbazine 1000 mg/m 2 intravenously every 3 weeks. In Trial 2, 132 patients with metastatic melanoma and failure of at least one prior systemic therapy received treatment with ZELBORAF 960 mg orally twice daily. Table 1 presents adverse reactions reported in at least 10% of unresectable or metastatic melanoma patients treated with ZELBORAF. The most common adverse reactions of any grade (≥ 30% in either study) in ZELBORAF-treated patients were arthralgia, rash, alopecia, fatigue, photosensitivity reaction, nausea, pruritus, and skin papilloma. The most common (≥ 5%) Grade 3 adverse reactions were cuSCC and rash. The incidence of Grade 4 adverse reactions was ≤ 4% in both studies. The incidence of adverse events resulting in permanent discontinuation of study medication in Trial 1 was 7% for the ZELBORAF arm and 4% for the dacarbazine arm. In Trial 2, the incidence of adverse events resulting in permanent discontinuation of study medication was 3% in ZELBORAF-treated patients. The median duration of study treatment was 4.2 months for ZELBORAF and 0.8 months for dacarbazine in Trial 1, and 5.7 months for ZELBORAF in Trial 2. Table 1 Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with ZELBORAF Adverse drug reactions, reported using MedDRA and graded using NCI-CTC-AE v 4.0 (NCI common toxicity criteria) for assessment of toxicity. ADRs Trial 1: Treatment-Naïve Patients Trial 2: Patients with Failure of at Least One Prior Systemic Therapy ZELBORAF n=336 Dacarbazine n=287 ZELBORAF n=132 All Grades (%) Grade 3 Grade 4 adverse reactions limited to gamma-glutamyltransferase increased (< 1% in Trial 1 and 4% in Trial 2). (%) All Grades (%) Grade 3 (%) All Grades (%) Grade 3 (%) Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Rash 37 8 2 0 52 7 Photosensitivity reaction 33 3 4 0 49 3 Alopecia 45 < 1 2 0 36 0 Pruritus 23 1 1 0 30 2 Hyperkeratosis 24 1 < 1 0 28 0 Rash maculo-papular 9 2 < 1 0 21 6 Actinic keratosis 8 0 3 0 17 0 Dry skin 19 0 1 0 16 0 Rash papular 5 < 1 0 0 13 0 Erythema 14 0 2 0 8 0 Musculoskeletal and connec…
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